Not much is known about these supercharged, superfast particles from outer
space. But now, with the help of teachers and students from more than 50
middle and high schools in the Los Angeles area, scientists in California are
hoping to learn more about the astronomical phenomenon.Researchers at the
California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, have installed two cosmic-ray
detectors at each school that has joined in the new research project. Each
detector collects data on the exact time and volume of the showers and
transmits the information back to the researchers.
Such an experiment
typically would be conducted in the middle of the desert, where the equipment
would be scattered across several miles and have less chance of being damaged.
In fact, the desert was the first place Robert McKeown, a physics professor
at Cal Tech, thought to put his cosmic-ray experiment.
Then he came across
another project that partnered schools with researchers, and the idea hit him:
Why not use schools for the cosmic-ray project?
Schools provide the exact
conditions the study requires: a place for the detectors to do their work
without being disturbed, a computer that can stay dry and plugged in, and easy
access for the researchers to perform maintenance and upgrades.
Now, the
relationship forged between researchers and teachers at the schools in the
study provides unusual opportunities for everyone involved.
"We can engage a
large number of teachers and students in this project in a novel way," Mr.
McKeown said.
Being part of the study costs the schools no more than the
electricity it takes to power one computer. On the plus side, moreover,
students are introduced to cutting-edge concepts in astrophysics and take part
in real-life scientific research.
"It's real science, and we have a hand in
it," said Scott Randles, a science teacher here at the 1,800-student Temple
City High School.
Currently, 53 middle and high schools take part in what
is called the California High School Cosmic Ray Observatory, or CHICOS. Mr.
McKeown expects that 90 schools eventually will be part of the program.
Two 'Schmoos'
Nicknamed "schmoos" after a character in the "L'il
Abner" comic strip, the cosmic-ray detectors look like kindergartner-sized,
upside-down funnels with elongated necks. Each school has two fiberglass
detectors that are usually painted white and located on a roof above a science
lab.
One middle school, however, was so excited about the project that
educators and students put their schmoos right outside the school office,
painted them the school colors, and planted a flower bed around them,
according to Theresa W. Lynn, the CHICOS project coordinator at Cal Tech.
Cosmic rays produce showers of hypercharged, but harmless, particles all
over the planet. The detectors are designed to gather information on the time
and volume of the showers that occur around the Los Angeles area.
Once the
detectors pick up the energy from the cosmic rays, they send the data to a
converter box that, in turn, ships the data to a computer in a school's
computer room or science laboratory. Those computers then channel the
information to the researchers at Cal Tech.
By studying how the rays hit the
detectors, researchers hope to find out more about their origins. "Looking at
these cosmic rays is another way of looking at the universe and understanding
what happens in galaxies," Mr. McKeown explained.
Being part of the project
has taught Temple City High's Mr. Randles about the types of energy emitted
from outer space and how much information scientists are able to gather from
studying different particles.
"Before this, I didn't know anything about
cosmic rays," he said. As a result of the informal professional development he
has acquired through the project, Mr. Randles now spends a week covering
cosmic rays in his Integrated Sciences classes, a two-year course that
combines biology, chemistry, and physics. Having the equipment at the school
makes the lesson more meaningful for his students, he said.
Summer
School
Mr. Randles and two of his students spent a week at Cal Tech
last summer to learn more about the program, as did teachers and students from
seven of the other participating schools. The three from Temple City High
built electronic-converter boxes that send information from the detector to
computers, and they attended workshops held by the researchers.
The hands-
on experience of soldering wires together helped Mimi An better understand
previous lessons she had learned about electricity, she said.
"Doing this
project made me like science more," said the 18-year-old senior, who describes
herself as "not a science person."
Hands-on science in California's lower
grades—kindergarten through 8th—would be cut back under a proposal before the
state board of education. ("Calif. Mulls Limiting
Hands-On Science Lessons," Feb. 25, 2004.)
Ms. An and classmate Brian
Dumbacher were so enthusiastic about participating in the program that they
were helping calibrate the software for the detector on their first day on the
university campus.
"It was way over my head, so [the pair] sent me out to
paint the numbers on the schmoo," Mr. Randles said.
CHICOS is the largest
cosmic-ray research project in the Northern Hemisphere, and one of only two in
the world. Students who engage in the project are at the frontier of
astrophysics research, Mr. McKeown said.
"These are the highest-energy
particles, and they are coming from outer space," he said. "What could be
cooler than that?"
